Diabetes Mellitus- II

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic conditions worldwide, affecting hundreds of millions of people. It occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin—the hormone that helps regulate blood sugar—or when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels.

What Causes Type 2 Diabetes?

The development of T2DM is influenced by both genetic and lifestyle factors. Being overweight, leading a sedentary lifestyle, and consuming a diet high in refined sugars and fats are major risk factors. Family history, age, and certain ethnic backgrounds can also increase susceptibility.

Signs and Symptoms

Early symptoms often go unnoticed, which is why regular health check-ups are vital. Common signs include:

• Increased thirst and frequent urination

• Unexplained fatigue

• Blurred vision

• Slow-healing wounds

• Tingling or numbness in hands and feet

Complications

If left unmanaged, T2DM can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, nerve damage, and vision problems. It can also weaken the immune system, making it harder to fight infections.

Prevention and Management

The good news is that Type 2 diabetes is largely preventable and manageable through lifestyle choices. Key strategies include:

• Healthy eating: Focus on whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins.

• Regular exercise: Aim for at least 30 minutes of physical activity most days.

• Weight management: Even a modest weight loss can improve blood sugar control.

• Routine monitoring: Regular check-ups and blood glucose testing help detect early changes.

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